伊甸园

圣经中亚当和夏娃的原居地
“伊甸园”来源于《圣经》旧约第一卷书《创世记》,其中记载了上帝在东方建造了伊甸园,并将它打造为无限美好的人间乐园的传说。伊甸园也喻指天堂、乐园、福地等。[2][3]
伊甸园指的是一个神创造的乐园,在这里上帝与人同在、人与自然和谐共处。伊甸园地上都是金子、珍珠和红玛瑙,园子里还有各种各样的树和花,让人赏心悦目,树上还有作为食物的果子。在这里,有河从伊甸流出来,河水从这里开始分为四道,分别是比逊河,基训河,希底结河和伯拉河。这些河滋润着伊甸园,因此伊甸园可以天不下雨而五谷丰登。上帝照自己的形像造了人类的祖先,男的称亚当,女的称夏娃,安置第一对男女住在伊甸园中。后来夏娃受撒旦(蛇)的诱惑,偷食了智慧之树所结的果子,也让亚当食用,上帝知道后,怒将二人逐出伊甸园。[2]
伊甸园的故事是人类社会的最初象征,向人们展现了人类最开始的生存状态和最初社会下三种不同的和谐状态,同时也从五个方面的暗喻犹太先知对自己民族历史的深刻反省,在后世的西方文学作品中,很多文学模式都有伊甸园神话原型。[4]

来源记载

《圣经》—伊甸园原文选节[2]
章节/段落
中译
英文
《创世纪》第二章第七段
耶和华神用地上的尘土造人,将生气吹在他鼻孔里,他就成了有灵的活人,名叫亚当
And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.
《创世纪》第二章第八段
耶和华神在东方的伊甸立了一个园子,把所造的人安置在那里
And the LORD God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed.
《创世纪》第二章第九段
耶和华神使各样的树从地里长出来,可以悦人的眼目,其上的果子好作食物。园子当中又有生命树和分别善恶的树
And out of the ground made the LORD God to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight, and good for food; the tree of life also in the midst of the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and evil.
《创世纪》第二章第十段
有河从伊甸流出来,滋润那园子,从那里分为四道
And a river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from thence it was parted, and became into four heads.
《创世纪》第二章第十一段
第一道名叫比逊,就是环绕哈腓拉全地的。在那里有金子,
The name of the first is Pison: that is it which compasseth the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold;
《创世纪》第二章第十二段
并且那地的金子是好的。在那里又有珍珠和红玛瑙
And the gold of that land is good: there is bdellium and the onyx stone.
《创世纪》第二章第十三段
第二道河名叫基训,就是环绕古实全地的。
And the name of the second river is Gihon: the same is it that compasseth the whole land of Ethiopia.
《创世纪》第二章第十四段
第三道河名叫西底结,流在亚述的东边。第四道河就是幼发拉底河
And the name of the third river is Hiddekel: that is it which goeth toward the east of Assyria. And the fourth river is Euphrates.
《创世纪》第二章第十五段
耶和华神将那人安置在伊甸园,使他修理看守
And the LORD God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden to dress it and to keep it.
《创世纪》第二章第十六段
耶和华神吩咐他说,园中各样树上的果子,你可以随意吃
And the LORD God commanded the man, saying, Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat:
《创世纪》第二章第十七段
只是分别善恶树上的果子,你不可吃,因为你吃的日子必定死
But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.